Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: One-step green assembly of natural polyphenol-based nobiletin nanoparticles for ulcerative colitis therapy

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102887

Figure Lengend Snippet: | In vivo anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of NTAl NPs against UC. A) H&E-stained sections of mouse colon following treatment with indicated materials. B) H&E staining histological scores. C) Typical TEM images showing the microstructures of colonic epitheliums. D-F) the expression of oxidative stress markers including MDA(D), SOD (E), and GSH-Px (F). G-J) the expression of colonic inflammatory cytokines including pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (G), IL-1β (H), IL-6 (I) and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 (J). All data are shown as mean ± s.d; n = 6. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Commercial ELISA kits including Mouse TNF-α (EK282, Multi Sciences), Mouse IL-1β (EK201B, Multi Sciences), Mouse IL-6 (EK206, Multi Sciences), and Mouse IL-10 (EK210, Multi Sciences) were used to quantify pro-inflammatory cytokines and the anti-inflammatory cytokine according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: In Vivo, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Mossy-textured hydroxyapatite-modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres promote collagen regeneration via calcium/TGF-β and chemokine signaling pathways in soft tissue augmentation

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.028

Figure Lengend Snippet: The regulatory effects of CaHA/PLGA microspheres on macrophages and ADSCs in vitro. (A, B) CLSM images and RFI of CD86 and CD206 expression in RAW264.7 cells co-cultured with microspheres for 2 days (n = 3). (C–F) Relative mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related genes TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β1, and FGF-2 in RAW264.7 cells (n = 3). (G, H) Sirius red staining images and quantitative analysis (n = 3) of collagen deposition of ADSCs co-cultured with CaHA/PLGA microspheres for 3 and 7 days. (I–K) Relative mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1, FGF-2, and PDGF-A in ADSCs after 3 and 7 days of co-culture with CaHA/PLGA microspheres (n = 3). ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns , not significant.

Article Snippet: CD86 polyclonal antibody (1:200, 13395-1-AP, Proteintech), CD206 (1:200, 18704-1-AP, Proteintech), and TNF-α recombinant antibody (1:200, 80258-6-RR, Proteintech) were used as primary antibodies, incubated overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: In Vitro, Expressing, Cell Culture, Staining, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Mossy-textured hydroxyapatite-modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres promote collagen regeneration via calcium/TGF-β and chemokine signaling pathways in soft tissue augmentation

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.028

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of soft tissue filling and inflammatory response in rats. (A, B) Schematic diagram of the soft tissue filling experiment and injection sites, with at least 2 cm spacing between sites. (C) Photographs of subcutaneous soft tissue filling at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The white circles indicate the soft tissue filling areas. (D) H&E staining of the filled sites. (E, F) Immunofluorescence images and RFI of TNF-α and TGF-β expression at 2 weeks post-filling (n = 6). (G, H) Immunofluorescence images and RFI of CD86 and CD206 expression at 2 weeks post-filling (n = 6). ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns , not significant.

Article Snippet: CD86 polyclonal antibody (1:200, 13395-1-AP, Proteintech), CD206 (1:200, 18704-1-AP, Proteintech), and TNF-α recombinant antibody (1:200, 80258-6-RR, Proteintech) were used as primary antibodies, incubated overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Injection, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Medicine

Article Title: DUSP26: Unveiling a critical molecular mediator and therapeutic target in developmental dysplasia of the hip-associated secondary osteoarthritis

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2026.5776

Figure Lengend Snippet: Significant Ups genes in the acetabular cartilage of the rats with DDH, as determined by mRNA-seq analysis. (A) Neonatal rats were subjected to straight-leg swaddling for 10 days. A total of 4 weeks later, (a) morphology, (b) H&E staining and (c) SO/FG staining were assessed in the hip joints of the rats. (B) Immunohistochemical staining and (E) semi-quantitative analysis of COL2A1 in the acetabular cartilage of the 4-week-old control rats and rats with DDH. (C) Relative gene expression levels of COL2A1, IL-1β and IL-6 in the acetabular cartilage of the 4-week-old control rats and rats with DDH, as determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. (D) Levels of IL-6 in the supernatants of acetabular cartilage from the 4-week-old rats with DDH, as determined by ELISA. (F) Significant Ups in the acetabular cartilage of rats with DDH were identified by mRNA-seq analysis with the screening criteria of log 2 FC >4 and P.adj<0.01. Principal component analysis results and a heatmap of these significant Ups are shown. (G) GO enrichment analysis of significant Ups in the acetabular cartilage of the rats with DDH. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *** P<0.001. (C-E) Representative results of four independent experiments are shown. Ups, upregulated genes; BP, biological process; CC, cellular component; COL2A1, type II collagen; DDH, developmental dysplasia of the hip; FC, fold change; GO, Gene Ontology; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; IHC, immunohistochemistry; IL, interleukin; IOD, integrated optical density; MF, molecular function; mRNA-seq, mRNA sequencing; SO/FG, Safranin O/Fast Green.

Article Snippet: Protein concentrations were measured using a BCA assay kit (cat. no. PK10026; Wuhan Sanying Biotechnology), and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the tissue homogenates and cell supernatants were measured using the Rat TNF-α ELISA Kit (cat. no. EK382; Multi Sciences Biotech) and Rat IL-6 ELISA Kit (cat. no. EK306; Multi Sciences Biotech), according to the manufacturers' instructions.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Control, Gene Expression, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunohistochemistry, Sequencing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Medicine

Article Title: DUSP26: Unveiling a critical molecular mediator and therapeutic target in developmental dysplasia of the hip-associated secondary osteoarthritis

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2026.5776

Figure Lengend Snippet: DUSP26 overexpression alleviates IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury. Rat DUSP26 overexpression adenovirus was constructed and used to infect chondrocytes. After 24 h, the chondrocytes were subjected to 10 ng/ml IL-1β. (A) Expression levels of COL2A1 and COL1A1 in the chondrocytes were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting. (B) Relative mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the chondrocytes were determined by RT-qPCR. (C) Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatants of the chondrocytes were determined by ELISA. Two adenovirus-mediated shRNAs against rat DUSP26 were constructed and used to infect chondrocytes. After 24 h, the chondrocytes were subjected to 10 ng/ml IL-1β. (D) Expression levels of COL2A1 and COL1A1 in the chondrocytes were evaluated by RT-qPCR and western blotting. (E) Relative mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the chondrocytes were determined by RT-qPCR. (F) Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatants of the chondrocytes were detected by ELISA. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001. Representative results of three independent experiments are shown. COL1A1, type I collagen; COL2A1, type II collagen; EP, empty adenoviral vector; DUSP26, dual-specificity phosphatase 26; IL, interleukin; NC, negative control; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR; sh, short hairpin.

Article Snippet: Protein concentrations were measured using a BCA assay kit (cat. no. PK10026; Wuhan Sanying Biotechnology), and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the tissue homogenates and cell supernatants were measured using the Rat TNF-α ELISA Kit (cat. no. EK382; Multi Sciences Biotech) and Rat IL-6 ELISA Kit (cat. no. EK306; Multi Sciences Biotech), according to the manufacturers' instructions.

Techniques: Over Expression, Construct, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Negative Control, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Medicine

Article Title: DUSP26: Unveiling a critical molecular mediator and therapeutic target in developmental dysplasia of the hip-associated secondary osteoarthritis

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2026.5776

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inactivation of HDAC1/2/8 inhibits DUSP26 silencing-triggered cartilage degeneration. (A) Total protein and phosphorylation levels of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC8 in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes determined by western blotting. (B) Relative mRNA expression levels of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC8 in chondrocytes, as determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. (C) Relative mRNA expression levels of COL1A1 and TNF-α in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes after knocking down HDAC1/2/8. (D) Relative mRNA expression levels of COL1A1 and TNF-α in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes after intervention with the HDAC inhibitor TSA. (E) Protein levels of COL1A1 and TNF-α in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes after knocking down HDAC1/2/8. (F) Protein levels of COL1A1 and TNF-α in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes after intervention with the HDAC inhibitor TSA. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001. (B-D) Representative results of three independent experiments are shown. COL1A1, type I collagen; DUSP26, dual-specificity phosphatase 26; HDAC, histone deacetylase; IL, interleukin; NC, negative control; ns, no significance; sh, short hairpin; TSA, trichostatin A.

Article Snippet: Protein concentrations were measured using a BCA assay kit (cat. no. PK10026; Wuhan Sanying Biotechnology), and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the tissue homogenates and cell supernatants were measured using the Rat TNF-α ELISA Kit (cat. no. EK382; Multi Sciences Biotech) and Rat IL-6 ELISA Kit (cat. no. EK306; Multi Sciences Biotech), according to the manufacturers' instructions.

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Expressing, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Histone Deacetylase Assay, Negative Control

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Development of immune-derived molecular markers for coronary heart disease via multimachine learning

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114853

Figure Lengend Snippet: Treprostinil promotes endothelial cell survival and viability (A) TUNEL staining showed that treprostinil significantly inhibited the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by tumor necrosis factor-α ( n = 3 biological samples per group). Scale bars, 50 μm (B–D) CCK8 and qPCR analyses suggested that treprostinil promoted cell viability and reduced inflammation in HUVECs ( n = 6 biological samples per group). Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test was used to calculate statistical significance. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. ∗ represents p < 0.05, ∗∗ represents p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ represents p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Tumor necrosis factor-α , MedChemExpress , HY-P1860.

Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Staining, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Chinese Medicine

Article Title: Weiyan Tongluo Granules attenuate gastric intestinal metaplasia through PPARγ/NF-κB/CDX2 signaling pathway

doi: 10.1186/s13020-026-01350-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of WYTLG on inflammatory factors and apoptosis in GIM rats. A Relative mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( Il1b , Il6 , Tnfα , Ptgs2 ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines ( Il10 , Tgfb ) in gastric tissues. B-E Serum levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. F, G TUNEL staining and semi-quantitative analysis of apoptotic cells (scale bar = 50 μm). H, I Western blot analysis of cytochrome c, Bax/Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. ( n = 3–8). # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. control group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. model group

Article Snippet: The experimental groups were then treated with varying concentrations of DCA, drug-containing serum, TNF-α (31–45) (MedChemexpress, USA), or GW9662 (MedChemexpress, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, TUNEL Assay, Staining, Western Blot, Control

Journal: International Journal of Oral Science

Article Title: Single-cell transcriptional atlas reveals distinct immune-chondrocyte crosstalk mechanisms in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis induced by different types of occlusal disorder

doi: 10.1038/s41368-025-00424-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Single-cell transcriptome analysis highlight predominant role of neutrophil-derived TNF signaling in mediating immune-chondrocyte interaction in the APC-exposed condyles. a Circle plot of TNF signaling network. b Bubble plot of the communication probability of all the significant ligand-receptor pairs that contributed to increasing signaling sent from Stage II neutrophils to each cell population in chondrocytes. c Co-immunofluorescence staining of the condyle for Myeloperoxidase (MPO, green) and TNF-α (red), or for CD68 (green) and TNF-α (red). Co-localization of MPO and TNF-α indicates production of TNF-α from neutrophils. Scale bar: 50 μm for the low-power field, 10 μm for the high-power field. d Semi-quantitation of the expression levels of MPO, CD68 and TNF-α. * P < 0.05. ** P < 0.01. *** P < 0.001. **** P < 0.000 1

Article Snippet: For Etanercept administration, the TNF-α inhibitor Etanercept (Medchemexpress LLC, NJ, USA, 5 mg/kg) was applied by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) every other day from the onset of APC or UAC model. For Navarixin administration, the CXCR2/CXCR1 inhibitor Navarixin (Medchemexpress LLC, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered every other day during the experimental time frame.

Techniques: Single Cell, Derivative Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Quantitation Assay, Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Oral Science

Article Title: Single-cell transcriptional atlas reveals distinct immune-chondrocyte crosstalk mechanisms in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis induced by different types of occlusal disorder

doi: 10.1038/s41368-025-00424-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Signal-targeted therapeutic effect on TMJOA induced by different occlusal disorders. a Representative Masson staining, Saffron-O and fast green staining showing histological changes of the condyle subjected to the APC model, with or without administration of Etanercept or Navarixin. Scale bar: 50 μm. b Quantitative assessment of the histological changes evaluated by the thickness of cartilage and Modified Markins score. * P < 0.05. c Representative images showing histological changes of the condyle subjected to the UAC model, in the presence or absence of Etanercept or Navarixin treatment. Scale bar: 50 μm. d Statistical analyses of the thickness of cartilage and Modified Markins score. * P < 0.05

Article Snippet: For Etanercept administration, the TNF-α inhibitor Etanercept (Medchemexpress LLC, NJ, USA, 5 mg/kg) was applied by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) every other day from the onset of APC or UAC model. For Navarixin administration, the CXCR2/CXCR1 inhibitor Navarixin (Medchemexpress LLC, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered every other day during the experimental time frame.

Techniques: Staining, Modification

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Targeting TatD nuclease and the MAPK Pathway: Luteolin multifaceted approach against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106426

Figure Lengend Snippet: TAT-TatD recombinant protein causes pyroptosis of cells. (A-G) The effect of TAT-TatD recombinant protein (2.5 μg/mL) on inflammatory factors within HD-11 cells ( n = 3), (A-C) The gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, (D-G) The protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β (with GAPDH serving as the internal control gene). (H—N) The effect of TAT-TatD recombinant protein (2.5 μg/mL) on pyroptosis factors within HD-11 cells ( n = 3), (H-J) The gene expression of Caspase-1, GSDMA, IL-18, (K-N) The protein expression of Caspase-1, GSDMA, and IL-18 (with GAPDH serving as the internal control gene). (O-T) The effect of TAT-TatD recombinant protein (2.5 μg/mL) on cGAS-STING signaling pathway within HD-11 cells ( n = 3). (O-P) The gene expression of cGAS and STING, (Q-T) The protein expression of cGAS, STING, and p-STING (with GAPDH serving as the internal control gene). (U) Immunofluorescence image of the cGAS-STING pathway, (V) Analysis of the fluorescence intensity of cGAS, (W) Analysis of the fluorescence intensity of p-STING.

Article Snippet: TNF-α , Bioss (bsm-33207 M) , 1:1000.

Techniques: Recombinant, Gene Expression, Expressing, Control, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Targeting TatD nuclease and the MAPK Pathway: Luteolin multifaceted approach against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106426

Figure Lengend Snippet: LUT ameliorates pyroptosis induced by TAT-TatD recombinant protein in HD-11 cells via the cGAS-STING pathway. (A-G) The effect of LUT (16, 32, 64 μM) on inflammatory factors after treatment with TAT-TatD recombinant protein (2.5 μg/mL) ( n = 3), (A-C) The gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, (D-G) The protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β (with GAPDH serving as the internal control gene). (H—N) The effect of LUT (16, 32, 64 μM) on pyroptosis factors after treatment with TAT-TatD recombinant protein (2.5 μg/mL) ( n = 3), (H-J) The gene expression of Caspase-1, GSDMA, IL-18, (K-N) The protein expression of Caspase-1, GSDMA, and IL-18 (with GAPDH serving as the internal control gene). (O-T) The effect of LUT (16, 32, 64 μM) on cGAS-STING signaling pathway after treatment with TAT-TatD recombinant protein (2.5 μg/mL) ( n = 3). (O-P) The gene expression of cGAS and STING, (Q-T) The protein expression of cGAS, STING, and p-STING (with GAPDH serving as the internal control gene).

Article Snippet: TNF-α , Bioss (bsm-33207 M) , 1:1000.

Techniques: Recombinant, Gene Expression, Expressing, Control